What is the density formula?

Density (ρ) equals mass (m) divided by volume (V): ρ = m/V.

What is the density of water?

Pure water at 4°C has a density of exactly 1,000 kg/m³ or 1 g/cm³.

What determines if something floats?

An object floats if its density is less than the density of the fluid it's in. Ice (917 kg/m³) floats on water (1,000 kg/m³).

Can I find volume from density and mass?

Yes! Volume = Mass ÷ Density. Our calculator handles all three variable combinations.

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Density Calculator

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Density (ρ = m/V)

Mass (kg)

Volume (m³)

Density of Common Materials

Material	Density (kg/m³)
Air (sea level)	1.225
Water (4°C)	1,000
Ice	917
Aluminum	2,700
Iron	7,874
Copper	8,960
Lead	11,340
Gold	19,300
Mercury	13,546
Osmium	22,590

Density Calculator: Find Density, Mass, or Volume Instantly

Density is a fundamental physical property that relates an object's mass to its volume. Our Density Calculator lets you calculate any one of the three variables — density, mass, or volume — when you know the other two. Simply enter two values and the calculator computes the third.

Whether you're a student studying physics, an engineer selecting materials, or a geologist analyzing rock samples, understanding density is essential. It helps determine whether objects will float or sink, assists in material identification, and plays a critical role in fluid dynamics.

This guide covers the density formula, common density values for various materials, and practical applications across science and engineering.

What is Density?

Density (ρ) is defined as mass per unit volume: ρ = m/V. The SI unit is kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³), though grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) is also widely used.

Density is an intensive property, meaning it doesn't depend on the amount of material. A small gold nugget has the same density as a large gold bar. This makes density extremely useful for identifying substances.

Temperature and pressure affect density. Gases are highly sensitive to both, while solids and liquids change density only slightly with temperature. A notable exception is water, which reaches its maximum density at 4°C.

How to Use the Density Calculator

Step 1: Choose Mode: Select whether you want to find Density, Volume, or Mass.
Step 2: Enter Known Values: Input the two values you already know.
Step 3: Select Units: Choose the appropriate units for each value.
Step 4: Calculate: The result appears instantly with proper unit conversion.

The Density Equation

Find Density

ρ = m / V

Divide the mass by the volume to get density.

Find Mass

m = ρ × V

Multiply density by volume to get mass.

Find Volume

V = m / ρ

Divide mass by density to get volume.

Density of Common Materials

Material	Density (kg/m³)	Phase
Air (sea level)	1.2	Gas
Water (20°C)	1,000	Liquid
Iron	7,874	Solid
Gold	19,300	Solid

Benefits of Our Density Calculator

✓
Three-Way Calculator
Find any variable — density, mass, or volume — from the other two.
✓
Multiple Units
Supports kg/m³, g/cm³, lb/ft³, and many more unit combinations.
✓
Material Reference
Built-in reference table of common material densities for quick lookup.
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